"Protein folding was called the hardest problem in biology for 50 years. We solved it not by computing harder — but by learning the coordination grammar of amino acids. The sequence is one body. The physics is another. The coordination rules between them were the missing third."
Co-founded DeepMind with the explicit mission of solving intelligence to advance science. AlphaFold decoded protein structure by treating folding as a coordination problem — learning how sequence coordinates with chemistry to produce shape. Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2024 for work done by an AI system, a first in scientific history.