"You can know everything about bat neurophysiology — every neuron, every signal, every echo — and still not know what it is like to be a bat. That gap is not a gap in data. It is a gap in kind. Objective description never closes the subjective distance. That distance is the third body. It is where experience lives."
Philosopher at NYU who wrote the most cited paper in the philosophy of mind — 'What Is It Like to Be a Bat?' (1974) — establishing the irreducibility of subjective experience to objective physical description. His later 'Mind and Cosmos' argued that Darwinian materialism cannot account for the emergence of consciousness, reason, and value, requiring a broader teleological framework. He remains the most precise philosophical voice for why the hard problem of consciousness cannot be dissolved into function.